In the Collins case, the applicant possessed dual Irish – American nationality and in May 1998, moved to the UK in order to find work in the social services sector. A month later, however, he applied for the jobseeker’s allowance. He was refused because he was not a habitual UK resident.
The ECJ decided that as [...]

The impact of fundamental rights on EC law can best be seen in cases concerning third country nationals. After many years in which the interests of third country nationals were largely ignored, EC law is increasingly viewing the rights of third country nationals lawfully resident in one of the Member States as being much the [...]

In the Baumbast case, ECJ was asked to decide on the direct effect of article 18(1) EC Treaty. Mr. Baumbast was a German national who, after having pursued an economic activity in the UK, was employed by German companies outside the Community. The UK authorities refused to renew Mr. Baumbast’s residence permit as he did [...]

The first significant judgment of the ECJ on the meaning of EU citizenship was in the Martinez Sala case. Here, the ECJ used for the first time the notion “citizenship” to extend the rights of Union citizens.
The case concerned a Spanish woman, resident in Germany, unemployed and claiming a German child-raising allowance. However, because she [...]

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